DRAM: Architectures, Interfaces, and Systems

There are two technologies for manufacturing RAM: static and dynamic, they each have their field of application

The SRAM or Static RAM is the oldest. The bits y are memorized by electronic flip-flops whose production requires six transistors per bit to be memorized. The information remains stored until the component is switched on. The motherboards use an SRAM constructed in CMOS technology and equipped with a battery to keep the configuration data (setup) of the BIOS in a non-volatile manner. The circuit of this CMOS RAM is associated with the clock circuit which also needs the battery to operate continuously even when the computer is turned off. The SRAM is very fast and is for this reason the type of memory used for cache memories.

The DRAM for dynamic RAM is much simpler than the SRAM. This makes it possible to make components with a higher density and a lower cost.

Each bit of a DRAM is stored by an electrical charge stored in a small capacitor. This device offers the advantage of being very little bulky but has the disadvantage of not being able to keep the information for a long time. The capacitor discharges after a few milliseconds (ms). Also in order not to lose the bit of information it contains, a device is required which reads the memory and rewrites it to recharge the capacitors. These RAMs are called dynamic RAMs because this refresh operation must be repeated regularly.

Table of contents

  • Basics
  • DRAM organization
  • Storage element
  • Switching element
  • DRAM Evolution: Structural Path
  • Advanced Basics
  • Bus transmission
  • Memory controller
  • Memory array
  • Memory and CPU
  • Data transfer
  • Physical organization
  • DRAM Evolution: Interface Path
  • Read Timing for Conventional DRAM
  • Read Timing for Fast Page Mode
  • Future Interface Trends & Research Areas
  • Performance Modeling:
  • Architectures, Systems, Embedded
  • Clocking Issues
  • SDRAM Topology Example
  • Access Protocol
  • SDRAM Chip
  • Technology Roadmap
  • DRAM Configurations
  • DDR2 Study Results
Size : 1,082.86 Kb
File type : pdf
Downloads: 559
Created: 2016-12-31

Warning: Trying to access array offset on false in /home/tutovnfz/public_html/article.php on line 233

Others Memory Tutorials

Cache Memory course

Programming Persistent Memory

ROM, EPROM, and EEPROM pdf tutorial

Guide RAM and ROM Based Digital Design

Introduction to ARM Memory and Assembly Language

Others related eBooks about DRAM: Architectures, Interfaces, and Systems

Philosophy of Computer Science

Download free course Philosophy of Computer Science, pdf file on 938 pages by William J. Rapaport....

Introduction to architecture

This tutorial explains the different computer components and the role of a building architect ....

IEA International Computer and Information Literacy Study 2018 Assessment Framework

Download free course IEA International Computer and Information Literacy Study 2018 Assessment Framework, pdf file on 77 pages by Julian Fraillon, John Ainley, Wolfram Schulz, Daniel Duckworth, Tim Friedman....

Cache Memory course

Download free training document in pdf ,brief overview of memory cache on 18 pages by Linda Wong....

How to Think Like a Computer Scientist

Download free course How to Think Like a Computer Scientist, pdf file on 280 pages by Allen Downey, Jeffrey Elkner, Chris Meyers....

Computer Fundamentals course

With this course, you will learn how a computer works, it introduces you to assembly-level programming. You will be able to write a simple assembly language program. At the end of the tutorial, you’ll be able to understand the different types of information which may be stored in a computer memory...

Computer basics PDF tutorial

This course describes the basics components of computer (software, hardware, input and output devices), free training document in pdf for download....

The Computers That Made Britain

Download free course The Computers That Made Britain, pdf file on 297 pages by Tim Danton....

Spring Framework Notes for Professionals

Download free course Spring Framework Notes for Professionals, pdf file on 67 pages by Stack Overflow Community....

Intel Xeon Phi Coprocessor Architecture and Tools

Intel Xeon Phi Coprocessor Architecture and Tools: The Guide for Application Developers pr..., download free Intel Xeon Phi tutorial in PDF (232 pages) created by Rezaur Rahman ....